What to do in case of burns?

A burn can happen to anyone: a hot pan, boiling hot tea over the arm, an unfortunate touch with an iron or a slightly too enthusiastic day in the sun. But what do you do when it happens? And how serious is the burn really? In this article, we explain in an accessible way what you need to know about burns and how best to treat them.

What is a burn?

A burn is damage to the skin caused by contact with heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation. The severity depends on the depth, size and location of the wound. Below we list the different types of burns.

First-degree burns

These are the mildest burns and affect only the outer layer of skin. Your skin becomes red, feels painful and may swell slightly. No blisters develop. A familiar example? A mild sunburn!

Second-degree burns

These burns go deeper and also reach part of the dermis. Your skin becomes red, painful, swollen and blisters develop. Sometimes the skin looks wet or shiny because of moisture leaking from the damaged skin.

Third-degree burns

These are the most severe burns, damaging all layers of skin and parts of underlying tissue. The skin can turn white, brown or even black and feels stiff. Often there is no pain because the nerves are affected.

Treating burns

Acting quickly and properly can prevent a lot of misery! Follow these steps:

Cooling

Hold the burn under lukewarm, gently running water (15-30°C) for 10 to 20 minutes. Do not rinse directly on the wound, but let the water run over it. Carefully remove clothing and jewelry unless they are attached. Note: Never loosen attached clothing! This will only further destroy the skin. Diapers do need to be removed immediately; they can retain hot liquid, causing burning in the genital area.

Protect

Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adherent dressing or cling film to prevent infection. Do not smear anything! Do not apply creams or other agents to the wound; this can interfere with healing. Also, the doctor cannot assess the wound as well if you do.

Pain Management

Use paracetamol to relieve pain. Follow the dosage instructions on the package or consult a doctor.

Getting medical help

In the following situations, it is advisable to call the family doctor:

• • For burns in children under 10 years old where the wound is 1 to 5 times the size of the victim's palm (if more than 5 times the size, call 911).
  • For burns in children over 10 and adults where the wound is 1 to 10 times the size of the victim's palm (if more than 10 times the size, call 911).
  • The burn (from 2nd degree burn) is on the face, hands, feet, joints or genitals regardless of the surface of the burn.
  • There are signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, pain or pus formation.

In these situations, call 911:

• • The burn was caused by chemicals, electricity or resulted in smoke inhalation.
  • Always with third-degree burns.
  • If you are hoarse, suffer from wheezing, feel stuffy.
  • You are drowsy or less responsive to your surroundings.

In conclusion

Burns can be serious, but with the right help, you can help prevent complications and infections. Not sure what to do? Don't hesitate and always consult a doctor or the emergency room.

Do you want to be well prepared for various medical emergencies and learn how to act in life-saving ways? Then take our first aid and adult life-saving course.